我家在去年十月認養了一隻灰色的波斯貓回家
據說他之前是被一位養大型狗的小姐，發現被裝在一個紙箱裡頭
已經瘦到皮包骨，趕緊送到醫院，後來診療發現除了瘦到站不起來、營養不良之外
沒有甚麼身體上面的異常，最多就是可以走路、但是走不快，行動緩慢而已
待在醫院的隔離籠裡面，活動也受限
後來那位小姐也沒有再出現在醫院裡
我媽媽輾轉得知有這隻貓咪的事情
衝動地就把這隻貓咪給領回家
單純地想說好好給予他照顧就會恢復健康
我們家已經養了好幾年的貓，當時也有四隻貓在家裡
辦了手續，原來這隻貓已經節過紮了，是一隻公貓，將近七歲
回到我們家之後，可以說天天都吃補，我們家的伙食又辦的不錯
從剛來家裡，短短的雜毛，不用幾個月就變成長長亮亮的灰毛
可以說是非常漂亮的藍波斯，體重也從本來低於3kg也超過3kg了
可是讓我們一直很困擾的問題是
他的行動一直很緩慢，只能走不能跑
緩慢到他沒有辦法正常大小便
他也不是不知道砂盆在哪裡
常常在走往砂盆的半路上就尿了一地
又順便拉了好幾顆
如果他睡了一整天
常常醒來就在尿泊裡面，腳邊就是便便
走路也會跌倒
站著不專心就會軟腳
三不五時就要幫他洗澡，因為會尿濕身體
乾掉了就會刺激皮膚，不僅臭還會很癢
舔毛
有動作出來
但是舔不太到
抓癢
有動作出來
也抓不太到癢的地方
因為習慣性的鼻炎帶去看醫生
醫生只能對於他的緩慢成長提供「再觀察看看」的建言
健康檢查，身體都是健康的，除了季節變化會流一點鼻涕
他如果不是這麼難纏
其實他也是很可愛
圓圓的小臉，倔強的個性
生氣又愛咬人
只是一想到回頭又要拿著拖把處理他製造的麻煩
又不知道該作何感想了
每次都是我幫他洗澡，看著他從一開始瘦骨嶙峋
到後來慢慢都長肉出來，都很為他高興
至今已經過了半年又四個月
他的行為還是沒有很大的改善
雖說我們也不能怎麼辦
更沒有所謂的下下之策
我有想過他其實很像我以前中風的父親
肌肉都萎縮，需要復健，要運動
不過要怎麼樣對一隻貓做復健呢？
希望把文貼出來
或許有一些方法可以幫助我們家的飛飛
謝謝大家
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
23號更新
多謝各位關心...
飛飛已經在昨晚去世了
走之前他一直在家裡頭轉
走遍家裡每個房間
尋找小縫鑽
好像就在找他最後閉目的所在
今天一整天我跟母親都找不到他
一直到我哥哥下班回家幫忙找
在家裡一張很隱密的桌子底下找到了
跨過重重的障礙物，窩的好好地
明天一早會帶他去火化
感謝大家
貓貓水族工坊
18.4.08
15.4.08
8.4.08
數位影像 0325-0408
數位影像
psw: di3259
0325
Basic Terminology:
Digital Image
Resolution
Pixel Dimensions
Bit Depth
Dynamic Range
File Size
Compression
File Formats
/// Digital Image ///
1. Electronic snapshot
2. Digital image - mapped as a grid of dot or picture elements
3. Each pixel = tonal value (black, white, shades of gray or color) -> binary code(0,1)
4. Binary digits ("bits") for each pixel stored in a sequence, reduced to a mathematical representation (compressed)
5. Bits interpreted and read by the computer -> analog version for display of printing
/// Resolution ///
1. Ability to distinguish detail
2. Special frequency at which a digital image is sampled(the sampling frequency)-indicator of resolution
3. Dot-per-inch of pixel-per-inch used ti express resolution
4. Increasing the sampling frequency, increases resolution
5. Individual pixel seen by zooming in
/// Pixel Dimensions ///
1. Horizontal and vertical: measurement of an image expressed in pixels
2. Pixel dimensions = width x heigh x dpi^2
3. Digital camera - pixel dimensions = #pixels ->horizontally and vertically (e.g., 2,048 by 3,042)
/// Bit depth ///
1. Number of bits for each pixel
2. Greater the bit depth, the greater the number of tones (grayscale or color)
3. 2-bit image - (00, 01, 10 and 11)
00=black
11=white
3 bits (2^3)= 8 tones
4 bits (2^4)= 16 tones
8 bits (2^8)= 256 tones
16 bits (2^16) = 6,5536 tones
24 bits (2^24) = 16.7 million tones
/// Dynamic Range ///
1. Range of tonal difference between the lightest light and darkest dark
2. Higher the dynamic range, the more potential shades
3. Range also describes a digital system's ability to reproduce tonal information
4. Smoothly varying tones, single most important aspect of photo image quality
/// File Size ///
1. Multiply the surface area (height x width) by bit depth and dpi^2 /8
2. Image file size in bytes, which are made up of 8 bits, diving this figure by 8
Formula 1 for file size: height x width x bit depth x dpi^2 /8)
Formula 2 for file size: pixel dimensions x bit depth / 8
3. digital images = large files, number of bytes represented in increment of 2^10 (1024) or more
1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bites
1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
/// Compression ///
1. Used to reduce image file size for storage, processing and transmission
2. Compression techniques abbreviate the string of binary code to a form of mathematical shorthand
3. Schemes characterizes as either lossless or lossy
4. Lossless schemes abbreviate the binary code without discarding any information
5. Lossy schemes, such as JPEG, utilize a means for averaging discarding the least significant information, based on visual perception
/// File Formats ////
1. Consist of:
> the bit that comprise the image
> header information on how to read and interpret the file
2. File formats vary in terms of resolution, bit-depth, color capabilities and support for compression
3.Fole Formats:
> TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
> GIF 89a - Graphic Interchange Format
> JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group
> PDF 1.3 - Portable Document Format
> PSD - Photoshop Document
> PNG - pg. 438 (portable network image)
/// Scanning ///
1. In the early prepress workflow, all images were made into negative films by using process camera or scanner for manual stripping
2. In today's electronic prepress workflow, all images were recorded into digital data for electronic composition
3. Digitizing an image into raster form
4. Recording resolution: dpi
5. Pixels: the smallest dot in an digital image
6. Color image use RGB filter to separate the color information
/// Basic Setting ///
1. Original
2. Resolution
3. Size
4. Exposure
5. Scanning curve adjustment (for continuous-tone image only)
6. Color adjustments
/// Original ///
1. Line arts
2. Pictorial image
> b/w or color
> slide or print
3. RGB or CMYK
/// Resolution ///
1. LPI
2. DPI
/// LPI ///
1. Line per inch
2. Conventional halftone measurement
/// DPI ///
1. Dot per inch
2. PPI, SPI (spot per inch)
3.the basic dot in a bitmapped image or device
> sample rate scanner
> smallest dot in a digital image
> One scanning spot on monitor
> Smallest dot can be produces by an output device
> DPI =/= resolution
/// Resolution setting ///
1. Line arts
> scan res. = (output device res.) x (Sizing factor)
> no need to over 1200 dpi
2. Pictorial image
> Scan res. = lpi x (Quality index) x (Sizing factor)
> Quality index = 1.5 - 2
/// Exposure ///
1. Line arts > threshold setting
2. Continuous- tone image > highlight and shadow setting
Line arts Scanning
1. use threshold to control sharpness of image
/// Highlight and Shadow ///
1. Highlight
> the brightest but still has details area of the original image
> the smallest dot the output device can produce
2. Shadow
> the darkest but still has details area of the original image
> the biggest sot the output device can produce(not solid black)
/// Scanning Curve
1. Scanning curve is the major setting to determine how the image tone will be captured and reproduced
2. The adjustment will depend on the original's tonal distribution
3. Can also be adjusted in Photoshop's curve but with less quality result
/// Tone reproduction
1. Tone or key: the distributions of lightness and darkness in an image
2. Tone compression: the reprosuction's density range is less than the original's
/// Image characteristics
1.Three major characteristics:
> Normal-key image
> High-key image
> Low-key image
2. adjusted by scanner curve
/// Original color Adjustment ///
1. Correct color cast
2. Adjust or enhance image color
> Global color correction
> local color correction
0408
4/29 don't be late, there is a text
Homework: 40x60cm scan + 背板
on walls of 2F/3F
+A5 size name and description of the homework
兩張照片的合成
4800/9800 相紙輸出
/// Color Reproduction Theory ///
1.Use the limited colors to reproduce all color in original
2.Addtive and Subtractive primary colors (RGB & CMYK)
3.RGB filter are used to separate original colors
4.Additive color system: RGB color reproduction
5.Suntractive color system: Complementary colors (CMY) are used to reproduce original colors
> Black is added to increase the density
> Add colors to achieve large
6.Color synthesis 模擬 : color is reproduced by an idea light absorption and reflection 加色法/減色法
/// Criteria/Judge for good color reproduction ///
1.Tone reproduction
2.Gray balance
3.Memory color
4.Color balance
5.Sharpness
/// Tools in Photoshop ///
1.Tonal adjustment
> level, curves, brightness/contrast
2.Color adjustment
> select channel in level, curves
> color balance, hue/saturation, replace color, selective color
psw: di3259
0325
Basic Terminology:
Digital Image
Resolution
Pixel Dimensions
Bit Depth
Dynamic Range
File Size
Compression
File Formats
/// Digital Image ///
1. Electronic snapshot
2. Digital image - mapped as a grid of dot or picture elements
3. Each pixel = tonal value (black, white, shades of gray or color) -> binary code(0,1)
4. Binary digits ("bits") for each pixel stored in a sequence, reduced to a mathematical representation (compressed)
5. Bits interpreted and read by the computer -> analog version for display of printing
/// Resolution ///
1. Ability to distinguish detail
2. Special frequency at which a digital image is sampled(the sampling frequency)-indicator of resolution
3. Dot-per-inch of pixel-per-inch used ti express resolution
4. Increasing the sampling frequency, increases resolution
5. Individual pixel seen by zooming in
/// Pixel Dimensions ///
1. Horizontal and vertical: measurement of an image expressed in pixels
2. Pixel dimensions = width x heigh x dpi^2
3. Digital camera - pixel dimensions = #pixels ->horizontally and vertically (e.g., 2,048 by 3,042)
/// Bit depth ///
1. Number of bits for each pixel
2. Greater the bit depth, the greater the number of tones (grayscale or color)
3. 2-bit image - (00, 01, 10 and 11)
00=black
11=white
3 bits (2^3)= 8 tones
4 bits (2^4)= 16 tones
8 bits (2^8)= 256 tones
16 bits (2^16) = 6,5536 tones
24 bits (2^24) = 16.7 million tones
/// Dynamic Range ///
1. Range of tonal difference between the lightest light and darkest dark
2. Higher the dynamic range, the more potential shades
3. Range also describes a digital system's ability to reproduce tonal information
4. Smoothly varying tones, single most important aspect of photo image quality
/// File Size ///
1. Multiply the surface area (height x width) by bit depth and dpi^2 /8
2. Image file size in bytes, which are made up of 8 bits, diving this figure by 8
Formula 1 for file size: height x width x bit depth x dpi^2 /8)
Formula 2 for file size: pixel dimensions x bit depth / 8
3. digital images = large files, number of bytes represented in increment of 2^10 (1024) or more
1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bites
1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
/// Compression ///
1. Used to reduce image file size for storage, processing and transmission
2. Compression techniques abbreviate the string of binary code to a form of mathematical shorthand
3. Schemes characterizes as either lossless or lossy
4. Lossless schemes abbreviate the binary code without discarding any information
5. Lossy schemes, such as JPEG, utilize a means for averaging discarding the least significant information, based on visual perception
/// File Formats ////
1. Consist of:
> the bit that comprise the image
> header information on how to read and interpret the file
2. File formats vary in terms of resolution, bit-depth, color capabilities and support for compression
3.Fole Formats:
> TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
> GIF 89a - Graphic Interchange Format
> JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group
> PDF 1.3 - Portable Document Format
> PSD - Photoshop Document
> PNG - pg. 438 (portable network image)
/// Scanning ///
1. In the early prepress workflow, all images were made into negative films by using process camera or scanner for manual stripping
2. In today's electronic prepress workflow, all images were recorded into digital data for electronic composition
3. Digitizing an image into raster form
4. Recording resolution: dpi
5. Pixels: the smallest dot in an digital image
6. Color image use RGB filter to separate the color information
/// Basic Setting ///
1. Original
2. Resolution
3. Size
4. Exposure
5. Scanning curve adjustment (for continuous-tone image only)
6. Color adjustments
/// Original ///
1. Line arts
2. Pictorial image
> b/w or color
> slide or print
3. RGB or CMYK
/// Resolution ///
1. LPI
2. DPI
/// LPI ///
1. Line per inch
2. Conventional halftone measurement
/// DPI ///
1. Dot per inch
2. PPI, SPI (spot per inch)
3.the basic dot in a bitmapped image or device
> sample rate scanner
> smallest dot in a digital image
> One scanning spot on monitor
> Smallest dot can be produces by an output device
> DPI =/= resolution
/// Resolution setting ///
1. Line arts
> scan res. = (output device res.) x (Sizing factor)
> no need to over 1200 dpi
2. Pictorial image
> Scan res. = lpi x (Quality index) x (Sizing factor)
> Quality index = 1.5 - 2
/// Exposure ///
1. Line arts > threshold setting
2. Continuous- tone image > highlight and shadow setting
Line arts Scanning
1. use threshold to control sharpness of image
/// Highlight and Shadow ///
1. Highlight
> the brightest but still has details area of the original image
> the smallest dot the output device can produce
2. Shadow
> the darkest but still has details area of the original image
> the biggest sot the output device can produce(not solid black)
/// Scanning Curve
1. Scanning curve is the major setting to determine how the image tone will be captured and reproduced
2. The adjustment will depend on the original's tonal distribution
3. Can also be adjusted in Photoshop's curve but with less quality result
/// Tone reproduction
1. Tone or key: the distributions of lightness and darkness in an image
2. Tone compression: the reprosuction's density range is less than the original's
/// Image characteristics
1.Three major characteristics:
> Normal-key image
> High-key image
> Low-key image
2. adjusted by scanner curve
/// Original color Adjustment ///
1. Correct color cast
2. Adjust or enhance image color
> Global color correction
> local color correction
0408
4/29 don't be late, there is a text
Homework: 40x60cm scan + 背板
on walls of 2F/3F
+A5 size name and description of the homework
兩張照片的合成
4800/9800 相紙輸出
/// Color Reproduction Theory ///
1.Use the limited colors to reproduce all color in original
2.Addtive and Subtractive primary colors (RGB & CMYK)
3.RGB filter are used to separate original colors
4.Additive color system: RGB color reproduction
5.Suntractive color system: Complementary colors (CMY) are used to reproduce original colors
> Black is added to increase the density
> Add colors to achieve large
6.Color synthesis 模擬 : color is reproduced by an idea light absorption and reflection 加色法/減色法
/// Criteria/Judge for good color reproduction ///
1.Tone reproduction
2.Gray balance
3.Memory color
4.Color balance
5.Sharpness
/// Tools in Photoshop ///
1.Tonal adjustment
> level, curves, brightness/contrast
2.Color adjustment
> select channel in level, curves
> color balance, hue/saturation, replace color, selective color
7.4.08
圖文材料科技 0327
0327
紙張在出版、包裝上分類
出版類
1.非塗佈類-Wood free（不含木漿，化學紙漿）
2.微塗類-Treated Paper
3.塗佈類-Coated Paper
4.特殊紙類-Special Paper
非塗佈類 Wood free
1.表面經 Starch 澱粉處理
2.以短纖紙漿 LBKP 為主
3.模造紙、道林紙、色紙（處女漿）
4.再生紙（含回收漿）
特性：紙質較粗糙、吸墨性高、網點結實性差、印後效果較沈、挺度佳
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、說明書、傳單、手冊...等以黑白文字、線條或簡單套色、彩色印刷
無酸紙/鹼性紙-百年用紙
紙張上膠-酸性，大部分的紙張是酸性的
紙張在製造過程中含有硫酸鹽
微塗佈類 Treated Paper
1.表面精微量塗料塗佈處理
2.以短纖紙漿LBKP為主
3.畫刊紙、微塗道林紙、象牙道林、米色微塗道林紙
特性：紙質較平滑、吸墨性中等、網點均勻性佳，優於模造道林紙、挺度差
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、雜誌、教科書、參考書、說明書..等以黑白圖案、簡單彩色印刷為主要印刷品
塗佈類 Coated Paper
1.每面塗佈量在6~10g/m^2以上
2.須經超級壓光機處理，改善表面平滑與光澤
3.亮面銅板紙（單雙面）、雪面銅板紙MATTE（光澤度30%）、雜誌紙（輕量塗佈紙）
特性：高平滑、具有光澤、吸墨性低（托墨性佳）、印後網點最佳，可忠實呈現印刷效果
應用：雜誌、彩色印刷品、彩色廣告傳單、月曆等已精美彩色圖案印刷為主要印刷品
brightness/whiteness
光澤度/平滑度
包裝類
牛皮紙：白色牛皮紙、赤色牛皮紙、黃色彩牛
用途︰紙袋、包裝紙
全白紙板：全白紙卡、銅西卡、單面銅西卡
西卡紙
非塗佈白板紙
用途：封面、紙盒、卡片、便當盒、紙杯
全灰紙板
灰紙板、紗管紙
用途：紙盒內襯、封面內襯、紡紗管、工業紙管
瓦愣原址、牛皮裱面紙板、白牛皮裱面紙板、瓦愣芯紙
用途：瓦愣紙箱
特殊類
薄型紙
聖經紙、打字紙、粉面打字紙
用途：聖經、印刷包裝、褙碳收據
特殊紙
噴墨印表紙、防油紙、NCR非碳複寫紙、發票紙、壓紋紙
用途：
紙張在出版、包裝上分類
出版類
1.非塗佈類-Wood free（不含木漿，化學紙漿）
2.微塗類-Treated Paper
3.塗佈類-Coated Paper
4.特殊紙類-Special Paper
非塗佈類 Wood free
1.表面經 Starch 澱粉處理
2.以短纖紙漿 LBKP 為主
3.模造紙、道林紙、色紙（處女漿）
4.再生紙（含回收漿）
特性：紙質較粗糙、吸墨性高、網點結實性差、印後效果較沈、挺度佳
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、說明書、傳單、手冊...等以黑白文字、線條或簡單套色、彩色印刷
無酸紙/鹼性紙-百年用紙
紙張上膠-酸性，大部分的紙張是酸性的
紙張在製造過程中含有硫酸鹽
微塗佈類 Treated Paper
1.表面精微量塗料塗佈處理
2.以短纖紙漿LBKP為主
3.畫刊紙、微塗道林紙、象牙道林、米色微塗道林紙
特性：紙質較平滑、吸墨性中等、網點均勻性佳，優於模造道林紙、挺度差
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、雜誌、教科書、參考書、說明書..等以黑白圖案、簡單彩色印刷為主要印刷品
塗佈類 Coated Paper
1.每面塗佈量在6~10g/m^2以上
2.須經超級壓光機處理，改善表面平滑與光澤
3.亮面銅板紙（單雙面）、雪面銅板紙MATTE（光澤度30%）、雜誌紙（輕量塗佈紙）
特性：高平滑、具有光澤、吸墨性低（托墨性佳）、印後網點最佳，可忠實呈現印刷效果
應用：雜誌、彩色印刷品、彩色廣告傳單、月曆等已精美彩色圖案印刷為主要印刷品
brightness/whiteness
光澤度/平滑度
包裝類
牛皮紙：白色牛皮紙、赤色牛皮紙、黃色彩牛
用途︰紙袋、包裝紙
全白紙板：全白紙卡、銅西卡、單面銅西卡
西卡紙
非塗佈白板紙
用途：封面、紙盒、卡片、便當盒、紙杯
全灰紙板
灰紙板、紗管紙
用途：紙盒內襯、封面內襯、紡紗管、工業紙管
瓦愣原址、牛皮裱面紙板、白牛皮裱面紙板、瓦愣芯紙
用途：瓦愣紙箱
特殊類
薄型紙
聖經紙、打字紙、粉面打字紙
用途：聖經、印刷包裝、褙碳收據
特殊紙
噴墨印表紙、防油紙、NCR非碳複寫紙、發票紙、壓紋紙
用途：
訂閱：
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