整缸全景
三點寶石
筍殼
母巫馱馬
綠面紅鑽波羅
小畫眉
黑波羅
黑雲
公巫馱馬
關刀
藍眼皇后
九間波羅
豹皮黑雲
貓貓水族工坊
18.4.08
15.4.08
8.4.08
數位影像 0325-0408
數位影像
psw: di3259
0325
Basic Terminology:
Digital Image
Resolution
Pixel Dimensions
Bit Depth
Dynamic Range
File Size
Compression
File Formats
/// Digital Image ///
1. Electronic snapshot
2. Digital image - mapped as a grid of dot or picture elements
3. Each pixel = tonal value (black, white, shades of gray or color) -> binary code(0,1)
4. Binary digits ("bits") for each pixel stored in a sequence, reduced to a mathematical representation (compressed)
5. Bits interpreted and read by the computer -> analog version for display of printing
/// Resolution ///
1. Ability to distinguish detail
2. Special frequency at which a digital image is sampled(the sampling frequency)-indicator of resolution
3. Dot-per-inch of pixel-per-inch used ti express resolution
4. Increasing the sampling frequency, increases resolution
5. Individual pixel seen by zooming in
/// Pixel Dimensions ///
1. Horizontal and vertical: measurement of an image expressed in pixels
2. Pixel dimensions = width x heigh x dpi^2
3. Digital camera - pixel dimensions = #pixels ->horizontally and vertically (e.g., 2,048 by 3,042)
/// Bit depth ///
1. Number of bits for each pixel
2. Greater the bit depth, the greater the number of tones (grayscale or color)
3. 2-bit image - (00, 01, 10 and 11)
00=black
11=white
3 bits (2^3)= 8 tones
4 bits (2^4)= 16 tones
8 bits (2^8)= 256 tones
16 bits (2^16) = 6,5536 tones
24 bits (2^24) = 16.7 million tones
/// Dynamic Range ///
1. Range of tonal difference between the lightest light and darkest dark
2. Higher the dynamic range, the more potential shades
3. Range also describes a digital system's ability to reproduce tonal information
4. Smoothly varying tones, single most important aspect of photo image quality
/// File Size ///
1. Multiply the surface area (height x width) by bit depth and dpi^2 /8
2. Image file size in bytes, which are made up of 8 bits, diving this figure by 8
Formula 1 for file size: height x width x bit depth x dpi^2 /8)
Formula 2 for file size: pixel dimensions x bit depth / 8
3. digital images = large files, number of bytes represented in increment of 2^10 (1024) or more
1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bites
1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
/// Compression ///
1. Used to reduce image file size for storage, processing and transmission
2. Compression techniques abbreviate the string of binary code to a form of mathematical shorthand
3. Schemes characterizes as either lossless or lossy
4. Lossless schemes abbreviate the binary code without discarding any information
5. Lossy schemes, such as JPEG, utilize a means for averaging discarding the least significant information, based on visual perception
/// File Formats ////
1. Consist of:
> the bit that comprise the image
> header information on how to read and interpret the file
2. File formats vary in terms of resolution, bit-depth, color capabilities and support for compression
3.Fole Formats:
> TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
> GIF 89a - Graphic Interchange Format
> JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group
> PDF 1.3 - Portable Document Format
> PSD - Photoshop Document
> PNG - pg. 438 (portable network image)
/// Scanning ///
1. In the early prepress workflow, all images were made into negative films by using process camera or scanner for manual stripping
2. In today's electronic prepress workflow, all images were recorded into digital data for electronic composition
3. Digitizing an image into raster form
4. Recording resolution: dpi
5. Pixels: the smallest dot in an digital image
6. Color image use RGB filter to separate the color information
/// Basic Setting ///
1. Original
2. Resolution
3. Size
4. Exposure
5. Scanning curve adjustment (for continuous-tone image only)
6. Color adjustments
/// Original ///
1. Line arts
2. Pictorial image
> b/w or color
> slide or print
3. RGB or CMYK
/// Resolution ///
1. LPI
2. DPI
/// LPI ///
1. Line per inch
2. Conventional halftone measurement
/// DPI ///
1. Dot per inch
2. PPI, SPI (spot per inch)
3.the basic dot in a bitmapped image or device
> sample rate scanner
> smallest dot in a digital image
> One scanning spot on monitor
> Smallest dot can be produces by an output device
> DPI =/= resolution
/// Resolution setting ///
1. Line arts
> scan res. = (output device res.) x (Sizing factor)
> no need to over 1200 dpi
2. Pictorial image
> Scan res. = lpi x (Quality index) x (Sizing factor)
> Quality index = 1.5 - 2
/// Exposure ///
1. Line arts > threshold setting
2. Continuous- tone image > highlight and shadow setting
Line arts Scanning
1. use threshold to control sharpness of image
/// Highlight and Shadow ///
1. Highlight
> the brightest but still has details area of the original image
> the smallest dot the output device can produce
2. Shadow
> the darkest but still has details area of the original image
> the biggest sot the output device can produce(not solid black)
/// Scanning Curve
1. Scanning curve is the major setting to determine how the image tone will be captured and reproduced
2. The adjustment will depend on the original's tonal distribution
3. Can also be adjusted in Photoshop's curve but with less quality result
/// Tone reproduction
1. Tone or key: the distributions of lightness and darkness in an image
2. Tone compression: the reprosuction's density range is less than the original's
/// Image characteristics
1.Three major characteristics:
> Normal-key image
> High-key image
> Low-key image
2. adjusted by scanner curve
/// Original color Adjustment ///
1. Correct color cast
2. Adjust or enhance image color
> Global color correction
> local color correction
0408
4/29 don't be late, there is a text
Homework: 40x60cm scan + 背板
on walls of 2F/3F
+A5 size name and description of the homework
兩張照片的合成
4800/9800 相紙輸出
/// Color Reproduction Theory ///
1.Use the limited colors to reproduce all color in original
2.Addtive and Subtractive primary colors (RGB & CMYK)
3.RGB filter are used to separate original colors
4.Additive color system: RGB color reproduction
5.Suntractive color system: Complementary colors (CMY) are used to reproduce original colors
> Black is added to increase the density
> Add colors to achieve large
6.Color synthesis 模擬 : color is reproduced by an idea light absorption and reflection 加色法/減色法
/// Criteria/Judge for good color reproduction ///
1.Tone reproduction
2.Gray balance
3.Memory color
4.Color balance
5.Sharpness
/// Tools in Photoshop ///
1.Tonal adjustment
> level, curves, brightness/contrast
2.Color adjustment
> select channel in level, curves
> color balance, hue/saturation, replace color, selective color
psw: di3259
0325
Basic Terminology:
Digital Image
Resolution
Pixel Dimensions
Bit Depth
Dynamic Range
File Size
Compression
File Formats
/// Digital Image ///
1. Electronic snapshot
2. Digital image - mapped as a grid of dot or picture elements
3. Each pixel = tonal value (black, white, shades of gray or color) -> binary code(0,1)
4. Binary digits ("bits") for each pixel stored in a sequence, reduced to a mathematical representation (compressed)
5. Bits interpreted and read by the computer -> analog version for display of printing
/// Resolution ///
1. Ability to distinguish detail
2. Special frequency at which a digital image is sampled(the sampling frequency)-indicator of resolution
3. Dot-per-inch of pixel-per-inch used ti express resolution
4. Increasing the sampling frequency, increases resolution
5. Individual pixel seen by zooming in
/// Pixel Dimensions ///
1. Horizontal and vertical: measurement of an image expressed in pixels
2. Pixel dimensions = width x heigh x dpi^2
3. Digital camera - pixel dimensions = #pixels ->horizontally and vertically (e.g., 2,048 by 3,042)
/// Bit depth ///
1. Number of bits for each pixel
2. Greater the bit depth, the greater the number of tones (grayscale or color)
3. 2-bit image - (00, 01, 10 and 11)
00=black
11=white
3 bits (2^3)= 8 tones
4 bits (2^4)= 16 tones
8 bits (2^8)= 256 tones
16 bits (2^16) = 6,5536 tones
24 bits (2^24) = 16.7 million tones
/// Dynamic Range ///
1. Range of tonal difference between the lightest light and darkest dark
2. Higher the dynamic range, the more potential shades
3. Range also describes a digital system's ability to reproduce tonal information
4. Smoothly varying tones, single most important aspect of photo image quality
/// File Size ///
1. Multiply the surface area (height x width) by bit depth and dpi^2 /8
2. Image file size in bytes, which are made up of 8 bits, diving this figure by 8
Formula 1 for file size: height x width x bit depth x dpi^2 /8)
Formula 2 for file size: pixel dimensions x bit depth / 8
3. digital images = large files, number of bytes represented in increment of 2^10 (1024) or more
1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bites
1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB
1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
/// Compression ///
1. Used to reduce image file size for storage, processing and transmission
2. Compression techniques abbreviate the string of binary code to a form of mathematical shorthand
3. Schemes characterizes as either lossless or lossy
4. Lossless schemes abbreviate the binary code without discarding any information
5. Lossy schemes, such as JPEG, utilize a means for averaging discarding the least significant information, based on visual perception
/// File Formats ////
1. Consist of:
> the bit that comprise the image
> header information on how to read and interpret the file
2. File formats vary in terms of resolution, bit-depth, color capabilities and support for compression
3.Fole Formats:
> TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
> GIF 89a - Graphic Interchange Format
> JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group
> PDF 1.3 - Portable Document Format
> PSD - Photoshop Document
> PNG - pg. 438 (portable network image)
/// Scanning ///
1. In the early prepress workflow, all images were made into negative films by using process camera or scanner for manual stripping
2. In today's electronic prepress workflow, all images were recorded into digital data for electronic composition
3. Digitizing an image into raster form
4. Recording resolution: dpi
5. Pixels: the smallest dot in an digital image
6. Color image use RGB filter to separate the color information
/// Basic Setting ///
1. Original
2. Resolution
3. Size
4. Exposure
5. Scanning curve adjustment (for continuous-tone image only)
6. Color adjustments
/// Original ///
1. Line arts
2. Pictorial image
> b/w or color
> slide or print
3. RGB or CMYK
/// Resolution ///
1. LPI
2. DPI
/// LPI ///
1. Line per inch
2. Conventional halftone measurement
/// DPI ///
1. Dot per inch
2. PPI, SPI (spot per inch)
3.the basic dot in a bitmapped image or device
> sample rate scanner
> smallest dot in a digital image
> One scanning spot on monitor
> Smallest dot can be produces by an output device
> DPI =/= resolution
/// Resolution setting ///
1. Line arts
> scan res. = (output device res.) x (Sizing factor)
> no need to over 1200 dpi
2. Pictorial image
> Scan res. = lpi x (Quality index) x (Sizing factor)
> Quality index = 1.5 - 2
/// Exposure ///
1. Line arts > threshold setting
2. Continuous- tone image > highlight and shadow setting
Line arts Scanning
1. use threshold to control sharpness of image
/// Highlight and Shadow ///
1. Highlight
> the brightest but still has details area of the original image
> the smallest dot the output device can produce
2. Shadow
> the darkest but still has details area of the original image
> the biggest sot the output device can produce(not solid black)
/// Scanning Curve
1. Scanning curve is the major setting to determine how the image tone will be captured and reproduced
2. The adjustment will depend on the original's tonal distribution
3. Can also be adjusted in Photoshop's curve but with less quality result
/// Tone reproduction
1. Tone or key: the distributions of lightness and darkness in an image
2. Tone compression: the reprosuction's density range is less than the original's
/// Image characteristics
1.Three major characteristics:
> Normal-key image
> High-key image
> Low-key image
2. adjusted by scanner curve
/// Original color Adjustment ///
1. Correct color cast
2. Adjust or enhance image color
> Global color correction
> local color correction
0408
4/29 don't be late, there is a text
Homework: 40x60cm scan + 背板
on walls of 2F/3F
+A5 size name and description of the homework
兩張照片的合成
4800/9800 相紙輸出
/// Color Reproduction Theory ///
1.Use the limited colors to reproduce all color in original
2.Addtive and Subtractive primary colors (RGB & CMYK)
3.RGB filter are used to separate original colors
4.Additive color system: RGB color reproduction
5.Suntractive color system: Complementary colors (CMY) are used to reproduce original colors
> Black is added to increase the density
> Add colors to achieve large
6.Color synthesis 模擬 : color is reproduced by an idea light absorption and reflection 加色法/減色法
/// Criteria/Judge for good color reproduction ///
1.Tone reproduction
2.Gray balance
3.Memory color
4.Color balance
5.Sharpness
/// Tools in Photoshop ///
1.Tonal adjustment
> level, curves, brightness/contrast
2.Color adjustment
> select channel in level, curves
> color balance, hue/saturation, replace color, selective color
7.4.08
圖文材料科技 0327
0327
紙張在出版、包裝上分類
出版類
1.非塗佈類-Wood free（不含木漿，化學紙漿）
2.微塗類-Treated Paper
3.塗佈類-Coated Paper
4.特殊紙類-Special Paper
非塗佈類 Wood free
1.表面經 Starch 澱粉處理
2.以短纖紙漿 LBKP 為主
3.模造紙、道林紙、色紙（處女漿）
4.再生紙（含回收漿）
特性：紙質較粗糙、吸墨性高、網點結實性差、印後效果較沈、挺度佳
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、說明書、傳單、手冊...等以黑白文字、線條或簡單套色、彩色印刷
無酸紙/鹼性紙-百年用紙
紙張上膠-酸性，大部分的紙張是酸性的
紙張在製造過程中含有硫酸鹽
微塗佈類 Treated Paper
1.表面精微量塗料塗佈處理
2.以短纖紙漿LBKP為主
3.畫刊紙、微塗道林紙、象牙道林、米色微塗道林紙
特性：紙質較平滑、吸墨性中等、網點均勻性佳，優於模造道林紙、挺度差
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、雜誌、教科書、參考書、說明書..等以黑白圖案、簡單彩色印刷為主要印刷品
塗佈類 Coated Paper
1.每面塗佈量在6~10g/m^2以上
2.須經超級壓光機處理，改善表面平滑與光澤
3.亮面銅板紙（單雙面）、雪面銅板紙MATTE（光澤度30%）、雜誌紙（輕量塗佈紙）
特性：高平滑、具有光澤、吸墨性低（托墨性佳）、印後網點最佳，可忠實呈現印刷效果
應用：雜誌、彩色印刷品、彩色廣告傳單、月曆等已精美彩色圖案印刷為主要印刷品
brightness/whiteness
光澤度/平滑度
包裝類
牛皮紙：白色牛皮紙、赤色牛皮紙、黃色彩牛
用途︰紙袋、包裝紙
全白紙板：全白紙卡、銅西卡、單面銅西卡
西卡紙
非塗佈白板紙
用途：封面、紙盒、卡片、便當盒、紙杯
全灰紙板
灰紙板、紗管紙
用途：紙盒內襯、封面內襯、紡紗管、工業紙管
瓦愣原址、牛皮裱面紙板、白牛皮裱面紙板、瓦愣芯紙
用途：瓦愣紙箱
特殊類
薄型紙
聖經紙、打字紙、粉面打字紙
用途：聖經、印刷包裝、褙碳收據
特殊紙
噴墨印表紙、防油紙、NCR非碳複寫紙、發票紙、壓紋紙
用途：
紙張在出版、包裝上分類
出版類
1.非塗佈類-Wood free（不含木漿，化學紙漿）
2.微塗類-Treated Paper
3.塗佈類-Coated Paper
4.特殊紙類-Special Paper
非塗佈類 Wood free
1.表面經 Starch 澱粉處理
2.以短纖紙漿 LBKP 為主
3.模造紙、道林紙、色紙（處女漿）
4.再生紙（含回收漿）
特性：紙質較粗糙、吸墨性高、網點結實性差、印後效果較沈、挺度佳
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、說明書、傳單、手冊...等以黑白文字、線條或簡單套色、彩色印刷
無酸紙/鹼性紙-百年用紙
紙張上膠-酸性，大部分的紙張是酸性的
紙張在製造過程中含有硫酸鹽
微塗佈類 Treated Paper
1.表面精微量塗料塗佈處理
2.以短纖紙漿LBKP為主
3.畫刊紙、微塗道林紙、象牙道林、米色微塗道林紙
特性：紙質較平滑、吸墨性中等、網點均勻性佳，優於模造道林紙、挺度差
應用：書寫簿冊、書籍、雜誌、教科書、參考書、說明書..等以黑白圖案、簡單彩色印刷為主要印刷品
塗佈類 Coated Paper
1.每面塗佈量在6~10g/m^2以上
2.須經超級壓光機處理，改善表面平滑與光澤
3.亮面銅板紙（單雙面）、雪面銅板紙MATTE（光澤度30%）、雜誌紙（輕量塗佈紙）
特性：高平滑、具有光澤、吸墨性低（托墨性佳）、印後網點最佳，可忠實呈現印刷效果
應用：雜誌、彩色印刷品、彩色廣告傳單、月曆等已精美彩色圖案印刷為主要印刷品
brightness/whiteness
光澤度/平滑度
包裝類
牛皮紙：白色牛皮紙、赤色牛皮紙、黃色彩牛
用途︰紙袋、包裝紙
全白紙板：全白紙卡、銅西卡、單面銅西卡
西卡紙
非塗佈白板紙
用途：封面、紙盒、卡片、便當盒、紙杯
全灰紙板
灰紙板、紗管紙
用途：紙盒內襯、封面內襯、紡紗管、工業紙管
瓦愣原址、牛皮裱面紙板、白牛皮裱面紙板、瓦愣芯紙
用途：瓦愣紙箱
特殊類
薄型紙
聖經紙、打字紙、粉面打字紙
用途：聖經、印刷包裝、褙碳收據
特殊紙
噴墨印表紙、防油紙、NCR非碳複寫紙、發票紙、壓紋紙
用途：
圖書設計與製作 0407
0407
第二個作業 - 月刊美編
主題
1.婦女月刊
2.道德月刊 --- 宗教月刊
四色印刷
A4 size 32 pages
道德月刊
同樣/加多的字數，重新界定版型、目錄、版權、書眉...等
封面封底西式的翻身，內容中式，值得改善
婦女月刊
同樣字數，自己作好圖文整合
圖片畫質要好，可以使用模擬字（電腦download的文案）
封面先出來
下週收集資料，作為改善月刊的範本
婦女月刊
1.封面設計（封面封底，封面裡封底裡可加廣告）4p
2.定版型、書眉、頁碼...
3.目錄（＋版權頁）1p
4.總編的話 - 1p
5.內容各項專題 30p
第二個作業 - 月刊美編
主題
1.婦女月刊
2.道德月刊 --- 宗教月刊
四色印刷
A4 size 32 pages
道德月刊
同樣/加多的字數，重新界定版型、目錄、版權、書眉...等
封面封底西式的翻身，內容中式，值得改善
婦女月刊
同樣字數，自己作好圖文整合
圖片畫質要好，可以使用模擬字（電腦download的文案）
封面先出來
下週收集資料，作為改善月刊的範本
婦女月刊
1.封面設計（封面封底，封面裡封底裡可加廣告）4p
2.定版型、書眉、頁碼...
3.目錄（＋版權頁）1p
4.總編的話 - 1p
5.內容各項專題 30p
字形與版面設計 0307~0328
字形與版面設計
0307
作業1
中英文10種不同字形描字A4
作業2
中英文10種不同字形排版A4
作業3
中英文字形10格編排練習，要有創意/字形
每一格5x5cm，五格中文字形編排、五格英文字形編排
每一格使用一種美的形式原理
雙色印刷 A4 size
出血＋裱框 0.5cm膠帶黏描圖紙裱框
33制：同一版面上文字字形不超過3種、字體大小不超過3種
行距大於字距
針對主題作對的色彩和字形
美的形式
留白美
漸層美
主從美
對比美
協調美
律動美
比例美
反覆美
對稱美
平衡美
統一美
72point=1 inch= 2.54cm2
1pica=12point
1 inch=6 picas
英文四大版式
左齊右不齊
右齊左不齊
左齊右齊
居中
中文
字繞圖排
左齊右不齊
右齊左不齊
左齊右齊
上齊下不齊
下齊上不齊
居中
0314
4/11交第三個作業
Pastex膠
0321
越小的字，越黑越不易讀
但是用細明、細黑容易斷線
0328
羅馬字形、歌德字形、埃及、希臘
排列的時候按照格線原理，垂直、水平
簡潔的線條帶出乾淨俐落的作品
縮小不可以縮到不易讀
0307
作業1
中英文10種不同字形描字A4
作業2
中英文10種不同字形排版A4
作業3
中英文字形10格編排練習，要有創意/字形
每一格5x5cm，五格中文字形編排、五格英文字形編排
每一格使用一種美的形式原理
雙色印刷 A4 size
出血＋裱框 0.5cm膠帶黏描圖紙裱框
33制：同一版面上文字字形不超過3種、字體大小不超過3種
行距大於字距
針對主題作對的色彩和字形
美的形式
留白美
漸層美
主從美
對比美
協調美
律動美
比例美
反覆美
對稱美
平衡美
統一美
72point=1 inch= 2.54cm2
1pica=12point
1 inch=6 picas
英文四大版式
左齊右不齊
右齊左不齊
左齊右齊
居中
中文
字繞圖排
左齊右不齊
右齊左不齊
左齊右齊
上齊下不齊
下齊上不齊
居中
0314
4/11交第三個作業
Pastex膠
0321
越小的字，越黑越不易讀
但是用細明、細黑容易斷線
0328
羅馬字形、歌德字形、埃及、希臘
排列的時候按照格線原理，垂直、水平
簡潔的線條帶出乾淨俐落的作品
縮小不可以縮到不易讀
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